This ranking is applicable when the poker table is full ring (9-10 people). Fundamentals of Playing Online Texas Hold'em By : Mike Matteo This Book is the Go-To Book for those new to Online Poker. After the blinds are posted, the dealer begins dealing one card at a time to each player, starting. As you can see in the upper right corner, we estimate that the BB defends the flop with 12. 6. It is useful for people who are looking to improve their poker skills by working on hand recognition. As easy as it might seem, one must not think a flush is easy to come by — it takes skill and strategy to create this hand. How is the pot split in this texas holdem hand? 2. Fold: Giving up on the hand, forfeiting all previous bets. All other starting hands are in the offsuit category, like A♠8 ♦, 7♣5 ♥ and K ♥ 9 ♦. Test the Odds. Blinds are placed and cards are shuffled. Poker Betting Strategy Tip 1: Always consider when betting, will your bet either get your opponent to fold a better hand (bluffing) or call with a worse hand (value betting). When deciding which hands to play in Texas Holdem, your position going to be one of the most important factors to consider. Whether you're into 5 card Omaha or two card poker, our app is designed to help you master your skills and. What Are Poker Hands. In Hold'em, each player is dealt two private cards (known as ‘hole cards’) that belong to them alone. Math and probability analysis play a big part in poker. Ready to gamble Texas Style? Poker just the way you want it. Take a minute just to browse the hands in each group, you don’t need to. From the flop on, betting begins with the player to the dealer’s left, who can check or bet. There are 169 hand combinations in Texas Hold’em, and they can fit nicely on a 13×13 board, with suited hands in the top right, offsuit hands in the bottom left, and pocket pairs running through the top left to bottom right diagonal. There are 13 ranks, and you can have any combination of each as your hole cards: 13 x 13 = 169. Once the dealer is selected, each person puts their ante into the pot and then each player is dealt two cards. If a player discards a winning hand as the result of an intentionally miscalled hand, the player who deliberately tried to fool other players may forfeit the pot. So looking at equity. 7. RAISE: bet more than the player who. This final card is called the “river. Each one is remarkably simple but effective. A♣-A♦ and A♠-A♥ are different hands), but that is more of a “just for fun” number as suits have no value over each other in Texas Hold’em. In a standard 6 or 9-handed game, every position is assigned a particular name. , the ‘hole cards’) in a game of Texas hold ’em. The Top Texas Hold’em Hands Selection Tier-1 Starting Hands. This is essentially the best hand in the game, only coming second to it's bigger brother; the royal flush. Straight. Here are some basics on Hold'em starting hands that are best played with some Free Poker money: Starting hands are basically two "hole" cards a player must keep secure. The size of the blinds is determined before the hand starts and must be posted before the cards are dealt at the beginning of each hand. The nicknames would often be used by players when revealing their hands, or by spectators and commentators. 7-Card Stud. 5-1 against. A fundamentally sound preflop strategy sets you up for success in all subsequent betting rounds. The pot is split evenly between the tied players if all five cards are the same. ”. For more perspective, the odds of flopping quads are 3,333-to-1. – is part of a poker range of hands. have a royal flush unless the royal flush has all five cards on. Here is your ultimate Texas Hold'em poker cheat sheet. We explain rules about poker and the winning hands. Suited cards s: An s behind the hand, as in A9s, stands for suited and means that both of the poker cards you are holding are of the same suit (hearts, diamonds, spades or clubs). In Hold'em, you play the best possible 5-card hand you can make out of the 7 available to you, and your 5 cards are compared against your opponent's 5 cards. These 169 possible hole hands can be broken down into three categories: pocket pairs (13 kinds), suited hands (78 kinds), and. Odds of (at least) two pair: 38. The “$1/$2” denotes a $1 small blind and $2 big blind. Learn the difference between: preflop, flop, turn, river, showdown and all-in. In Texas Hold’Em, aces can be treated as both a high or low card. You’ll have access to three “community” cards in the middle of the table, from which you can make hands. And you can use any combination of cards from the board and your hand to make your best five card hand in Texas-Hole-Em. The best way to start winning at Texas Holdem poker quickly is learning the fundamentals of the tight and aggressive poker strategy. At PokerStars, we deal many varieties of poker, some of which use different hand rankings. This includes a (1) bet, (2) raise, (3) re-raise, and (4) cap (final raise). Below you will find a list of poker hands in order from. Check: Similar to a call but no money is bet. 5 cards of the same suit in sequential order. The 20 Best Starting Poker Hands. Texas Hold'em is one of the most popular poker games in the United States and the online poker community. Play Texas Hold'em and Omaha, compete in worldwide tournaments, and dive into free poker games like Beat the. 5-Card Draw. 1% chance to hit your flush on the turn. Straight. Texas Holdem Poker Rules. A pair plus three of a kind in the same hand. You will rarely (if ever) see this hand. Straight Flush Five cards of the same suit in sequential order 3. At any given point in a hand of No-Limit Hold’em, any player can go all-in, putting all of their chips in the pot. 1. Your likelihood to win a play is also known as your equity, so this poker probability calculator is also a poker equity calculator!. TOP 10 MOST AMAZING POKER HANDS EVER!Help us to 200K Subscribers - you are reading this, comment what poker video you want to see next. The winning poker hand is the one with the highest card (s). The main ones are: Basic Poker Tips: These include elements like the hands ranking, poker glossary. A poker range chart is a visual representation of these ranges. The Shuffle: The poker game starts with the cards being shuffled while the Big and Small blind put their forced bets into the pot. These provide your Pre-Flop Ranges depending on your position, as explained below. Then, bet, call, or fold. Here is our list of the worst hole cards in Texas Hold'em, ranked on their equity against random cards, full-ring and heads-up. , 9 8 7 6 5. Become a better poker player in double-quick time thanks to PokerStars fast-paced poker format, Zoom poker. Sometimes, it’s best to simply accept your winnings in silence. Fei, who was sitting on an unsuited Ace and King, raised the bet to. Includes hands like 8–7 suited or Q-J suited. com. Defending on Flop Percentage = 12. 2-7 Single Draw and 2-7. These have the potential to make both straights and flushes, but can get you into trouble. Ranking between straights is determined by the value of the. We provide 4 separate charts depending on where you are seated relative to the. Texas Holdem is a complex game for beginners, but it's easy to learn after a few hands. Excessive celebration may even warrant a penalty from poker room staff. Pocket jacks is known as a big danger hand in Texas Hold’em. This fact means that if everyone is playing perfectly, this is the chart to go by. Other nicknames for this hand include quack for phonetic reasons and Hawaii, the latter because they say if you don’t play this hand for one year, you can afford a. To choose the first dealer, each player picks a face-down card from the deck and the one with the highest value card is the dealer. So we get rid of all of those redundant hands and say that in Texas hold'em there are 169 “non-equivalent” starting hands, breaking them down as follows: 13 pocket pairs. Improve your Texas Holdem skills, have fun and win prizes. Hand ranking from best to worst: Pocket Aces. Here’s a look at the top-20 hole cards for No Limit Texas Hold’em: A♠️ A♣️. Seat 2: Small Blind (SB) - The Small Blind is directly to the right of the Big Blind. If you ever wanted to know some of the odds and probabilities of Texas hold'em poker, from the chances of flopping a flush (0. By avoiding these hands and playing more strategically, you can increase your chances of winning in Texas Hold’em. The Straight is the fifth best possible hand in the poker hand ranking system. In Poker, the Ace is the highest card and the 2 card (Deuce) is the lowest. In Texas Hold 'Em a hand is said to be dominated if another player has a similar, and better, hand. Watch the flop. Texas Hold'em is a game in which it's easy to learn the basics - covered in this starting hands guide - but difficult to master. Players may use two, one, or none of their cards along with the community cards to make the best hand. Five cards in a sequence, but not of the same suit. Big Slick The nickname “Big Slick” for ace-king is to pick up this hand combination as your Texas Hold’em hole cards. A fourth card is dealt face up onto the board. Any two cards of same rank plus three random cards. This changes the odds and probabilities for all poker hands a bit. You might be dealt a really terrible starting hand, or you might get lucky and receive a pair of aces. Key Skills for 7-Card Stud. Texas Hold'em Rules. Therefore A-2-3-4-5 is the best possible hand for the low half of the pot. The Texas poker legend has. In No-Limit Texas Hold’em, each player receives two hole cards preflop and are immediately presented with a decision – play or fold. In this article, you'll learn: How to use the poker hand. If you want to play a hand, your cards need to be strong enough to fight against your opponents' cards to win the pot. 8%) or set (12%) to the odds of an overcard coming on the flop when. Moving from the top of the hand rankings above down, in a. Playable Texas hold’em hands. Some of the best holdings on the starting hands chart include the following two-card hands: Texas hold 'em starting hands A pair of aces is the best pre- flop hand in Texas Hold'em Poker In Texas hold 'em, a starting hand consists of two hole cards, which belong solely to the player and remain hidden from the other players. 8-2 - Another very weak starting hand. Anything from Ace to 10 can be classed as a high-value card in the most popular variants. The Poker Odds Calculator. Ace-Ace. Board – Refers either to community cards in variants such as Hold’em and Omaha, or “upcards” in Stud variants of poker. Find out what beats what, how to play different types of hands, and how to win. Full House, 5. Of the 169 possibilities, the best starting hands in Texas Hold’em are A/A, K/K, Q/Q, A/K, and J/J. Starting with the player to the left of the poker dealer button, a Texas Hold’em dealer will then deal 2 hole cards to all of the players at the table. 5. I challenge you to post a link to official rules that say otherwise. In high games, like Texas hold 'em and seven-card stud, the highest-ranking hands win. As per standard in the ranking of poker hands, you’re going to generally want to play cards with the greatest chance of making strong hands. Jus to help you out, the hands 29 and 38 do have to do. As outlined with helpful graphics, there are ten different texas hold'em hand rankings. Luckily, these strategies. As outlined with helpful graphics, there are ten different texas hold'em hand rankings. Showdown values on average are higher in Omaha than they are in Texas Hold’em. You win more money from later. ”. Your opponent has 4 ♥ and 9 ♠. ACE-KING SUITED (BIG SLICK) Number 5 on our list is the first non-paired hand we have seen – ace-king suited. . Pairs have the potential to form powerful hands like three-of-a-kind or full houses, while suited hands offer flush and straight possibilities. This changes the odds and probabilities for all poker hands a bit. Preflop Folds to CO who opens to 2. Raise: In No-Limit Texas Hold’em, players can raise the bet every time the action is on them. Each time cards are dealt (start, flop, turn, and river), players bet on winning the round with chips. 66% chance. 6. If two players both have two pair, the winner is determined by comparing (1) the higher pair, (2) the lower pair, and (3) the fifth card in the hand. Players must ante up a minimum bet after seeing their hands to participate in the round, and must match the highest bet on the table at all times. Kalashnikov – Another gun term, this time in reference to the famous machine gun, the AK-47. A pair is dominated by a higher pair. This can be a one-on-one game, a major. Poker Rules. THE ONLY AUTHENTIC POKER BRAND raises the stakes as the best FREE online poker experience on iPhone & iPad, hands-down. Texas Holdem Poker Rules. The usual poker hand. You remember that preflop, he defends with 30. 17877 Von Karman Avenue. Texas Hold’em is played with a standard deck of 52 cards. Avoid Circular Thinking. The King-King poker hand is also called Pocket Kings, Cowboys, and King Kong. Royal Flush: Ace, King, Queen, Jack, and a Ten of the same suit, such as A♣ K♣ Q♣ J♣ T♣. A poker range chart is a visual representation of these ranges. The probability is higher than the cumulative probability of a stronger hand being formed. Have you tried these three holdem tips before?My free poker cheat sheet:worst hands in Texas Hold’em are 2-7 offsuit, 2-8 offsuit, and 3-8 offsuit, and you should avoid playing them if possible. Before the flop, when you only see two hold cards, there is no right or wrong way to play. To help you out, I have provided for you an attractive printable or downloadable “cheat sheet” for both 5 card hand rankings as well as top 24 pre-flop starting hands. The hand that ranks directly under a Straight is called. ”. Prize Eligibility Department. For example, if you are on a flush draw with four hearts in your hand, then there will be nine hearts (outs) remaining in the deck to give you a flush. There are 1,326 distinct starting hands in Texas Hold’em Poker. Here you will find How to Play Texas Holdem, Poker Hand Rankings, Tips on Hosting Home Games, and much more. 86% whereas your opponent has just an 11. These cards, known as hole cards, are only visible to the player they’re dealt. From ‘Motown’ to ‘the Dead Man’s Hand’, there’s a whole host of poker card nicknames to get. Discover the associated maths in this glossary entry. The flop, turn, and river all play out as they would in a normal Texas Hold’em hand, and the best hand at the end wins the pot. Whether you are new to poker or a pro our community provides a wide selection of low, medium, and high stakes tables to play Texas Hold’em, Omaha Hi/Lo, and more. 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace all in the same suit. Texas Hold’em Poker is a cultural phenomenon that has developed its own unique vocabulary. 3. Minimizing any celebration when you hold the winning hand is common poker etiquette. Omaha Hi/Lo, Razz and Stud Hi/Lo use the ‘Ace to Five’ (‘California’) low hand rankings for low hands. Sometimes it is better not to 3BET with AA, KK, QQ. The best starting hands, or premium hands, in Texas Hold’em poker break down into three main groups. There are 169 different starting hands you can be dealt in Hold'em. The player with the highest-ranking hand wins that particular deal in most poker games. Community Cards: 10 (spades) 2 (clubs) J (diamonds) A (diamonds) 10 (diamonds) Your Starting Hand: Q (diamonds) K (diamonds)Texas hold’em is a competitive card game designed for 2-10 players. Each of these starting hands can be double-suited, single-suited or rainbow. When looking at poker ranges, you can. Four cards of the same value. In Texas hold 'em, as in all variants of poker, individuals compete for an amount of money or chips contributed by the players themselves (called the pot). Top of the list is a pair of aces, otherwise known as “pocket rockets,” followed by a pair of kings, otherwise known as “cowboys” or “King Kong. A hand is ranked depending on the patterns on the card. Here are top Texas Holdem poker hands ranked, from the best to the worst. Which suit it is doesn't play any role in Texas hold'em. Here is a short list of all the poker hands in Texas Hold’em, ranked from the strongest to the weakest: #1. 50/1 to $5/$10). 1. Basic Strategy: Tips : Position : Starting Hands : Bluffing : Betting : Money Management. Three cards of the same rank, plus two unrelated cards, make up the poker hand three-of-a-kind. The good hands will come, eventually, and you'll be in a better position to take advantage of them if you don't waste your chips trying to get something out of nothing. To determine the BB’s defending percentage on the flop, simply divide the two numbers. A round of betting continues until every player has folded, put in all of their chips, or matched the amount put in by all other active players. A big draw may be just a coin flip against one pair in Texas Hold’em, but holding 12 outs against your opponent’s hand in Short Deck Hold’em will make you a 63 percent favorite on the flop. Crush tables, outsmart opponents, and rise to the top against players from around the world. For all of you beginners, we recommend consulting these charts will playing online. What are Poker hands? A poker hand is usually made up of the finest five cards available. Just as the name suggests, this poker hand contains 4 cards of the exact same rank, with any other random fifth card completing the hand. This is the best possible hand in Texas Hold’em and consists of five cards of the same suit, in sequence from 10 to Ace (10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace). Work out pot odds; 2. The two cards that you are dealt at the start of a hand in Texas Hold'em are your weapons. This means understanding the value of starting hands, position, pot odds, and expected value. Not because of her bust size, but because of the Movie 9 to 5 and the hit song she sang Workin' 9 to 5. 78 non-paired suited. It may look good, but the chances of a higher card turning up on the flop is 52%,. Any five cards of the same suit, but not in a sequence. The ‘s’ next to some of the hands stands for Suited, so two cards of the same suit. Remember there are thirteen cards in a suit, so this is easily worked out; 13 – 4 = 9. Obviously, in theory you could just encode each hand that could be held and have an array of. There is no consensus on what the best hand ready system is in Texas Hold'em poker. Playing poker is about playing the odds. The game utilizes a standard 52 card deck of playing cards, and all cards hold their traditional poker values, so 2s are the lowest rank and Aces are the highest. By Matthew Cluff. If there is any question about the validity of a winning hand, the dealer will make the call. Random Playing Cards Generator Shuffler. Pocket Jacks. In Texas Hold’em, players receive two hole cards face down, then five community cards face up. In a heads-up Texas Hold’em game where Player A holds a pair of Aces, Player B holds a pair of Kings. There are 169 different starting hands you can be dealt in Texas Hold'em. Five cards in a sequence, but not of the same suit. For example, the hand rankings for No-Limit Texas Holdem hands are the same as Limit Texas Holdem hands and Pot-Limit Texas Holdem hands. Hand Strength . How to Use the Poker Odds Calculator. The dealer button in Texas Holdem poker is in the best position, and each position to the right of the button is the next best position. You are allowed to raise to any amount between 2x the big blind and your entire stack. g. Hold’em , Omaha , Seven Card Stud and Five Card Draw all use the traditional ‘high’ poker rankings. The range for 3BET from BB positoin is different almost for any player. Straight, 7. When looking at poker ranges, you can. The player holding the bomb pot button takes. You win more money from later. The best poker players have a keen understanding of the numbers, but our. What follows is a guide on starting poker hands in Texas Hold'em. This concept is integral to correctly implementing a solid poker betting strategy. There are four distinct parts to a Texas Hold'em hand: preflop, the flop, the turn, and the river. In Caribbean stud poker, for example, the house edge is 5. Download and print out our poker hands ranking chart, or save it to your phone. The goal of the game is to win all of your opponents’ chips, although at a casino you can cash out at any point. For example, you might focus on raising the right hands preflop for a whole session. a Royal Flush is the best possible showdown hand in Omaha, Stud, and Texas Hold’em. Each player is given two cards face down (i. 5-8, 2-6, 4-9) without getting impatient. g. If you need a quick refresher as to the comparative strength of Texas Holdem hands, see the list below ranked from strongest to weakest: Royal Flush; Straight Flush; Four-of-a-Kind (aka 'quads") Full House; Flush;. If two or more players hold the highest card, a kicker comes into play. Queen-jack. 22%, which is close to that of double zero roulette at 5. The main difference between 6+ holdem and classic texas holdem is a short deck, that’s 36 cards instead of 52. ‘AJs’ could stand for A J whereas ‘AJ’ could stand for A J. In late position, consider playing these hands more aggressively. What is the official procedure for starting a hand in texas holdem heads up? Hot Network Questions Escalating user privileges on Linux Flyback Transformer Winding Direction Knob removal on dresser. Players must ante up a minimum bet after seeing their hands to participate in the round, and must match the highest bet on the table at all times. 1 = 42% of the time. . K♥️ K♦️. Nick Koudis / Photodisc / Getty Images. There are 52 cards in a deck, divided into four suits of 13 ranks each. To help you out, I have provided for you an attractive printable or downloadable “cheat sheet” for both 5 card hand. Bei Lowball-Spielen wie 2-7 Triple Draw und Razz gewinnt nur die niedrigste Hand den Pot. Little tips to win a big. Straight Flush — five cards of the same suit and consecutively ranked; e. Be wary of how many other players enter the pot, as more players increase the likelihood of someone beating your aces. Texas Hold’em – Gameplay. The world's most trusted Texas hold'em poker odds calculator. 8. Four of these five hands often won’t improve on the flop, so it’s important to seize the advantage. You need to have five cards of the same suit, but they need not be in a specific order. See full list on pokernews. When we eliminate identical combinations, there are 169 starting hands in Texas Hold’em. , 10-10 or 5-5) and suited hands (e. These Texas Holdem hands are compared using a hand ranking system that is standard across all variants of poker. Even though Texas Hold’em and other poker games are denoted as games of skill, there’s certainly a lot of chance that comes into play. “You have some idea of what the strategy would be with various hands, and your job is to take that into account when executing your own. When faced with a raise during the pre-flop betting round in Texas Hold’em poker, each player has three options: 1. As betting can occur multiple times throughout the hand, it can be very lucrative, and it is quite exciting, so it is common for internet gamers to play Texas holdem poker. Royal Flush: Ace, King, Queen, Jack, and a Ten of the same suit, such as A♣ K♣ Q♣ J♣ T♣. Both: High always except in wheel straights (A-2-3-4-5) 2-7 Triple Draw. Then, we ranked and ordered the starting hands from the best to worst in the table and chart below. The aim of the game is to win a hand by having the best five-card poker hand, or by forcing all your opponents to fold. g. This means that the Small Blind will be $1, and the Big Blind will be $2. g. Add to Cart. In a casino, the dealer is an employee. How to play poker guide - learn Texas Holdem Poker rules, hand rankings and poker tips to get you started in playing poker - Everything poker is an introduct. The Texas Holdem hand guide below will take you through each stage of a poker hand from the preflop round to the river, and give you a brief overview of the strategy you should try and employ as well as the thought processes behind making profitable decisions at each stage of the hand. Overplay Ace-King and you’d be left walking back to Houston. This final card is called the “river. If you ever wanted to know some of the odds and probabilities of Texas hold'em poker, from the chances of flopping a flush (0. Players must ante up a minimum bet after seeing their hands to participate in the round, and must match the highest bet on the table at all times. Bluffcatch – To call with a hand that can only win if our opponent is bluffing. Boat – Colloquial term for a full house in poker. BLINDS - There are two 'blind' players after the button (clockwise) - Small and Big Blind. Of course, there are. Texas Hold ’em is the version born in Texas in Robstown and arrived in Dallas in 1925. In this video you will learn which hands to play and which hands to fold in poker. Blinds: Short for “blind bets,” these are the forced bets made before the cards are dealt. A: There are 1,326 different possible hole card combos you can be dealt in Texas Hold’em. They can be grouped into 13 pairs, 78 off-suit hands and 78 suited hands. One of the most important aspects of Texas Hold'em is the value of each two-card hand before the flop. Ace-King. Sometimes the basics are not enough and further. Best and Worst Starting Hands in Texas Hold'em Poker . Level-based thinking starts with you considering only your own hand. In Texas Holdem, broadway two cards that. You might already. Check the Texas Holdem hands guide in-game for a list of poker hand rankings. Texas Holdem Hands in Order. The order of poker hand rankings (from the highest/best to the lowest/worst) is: Royal Flush, Straight Flush, Four-of-a-Kind, Full House, Flush, Straight, Three-of-a-Kind, Two Pair, One Pair, High Card. Usually, most people learn what a straddle is during the first time they play at a casino. Royal Flush: Ace, King, Queen, Jack and a Ten of the same suit, e. Over the past 10 years this has become the most popular form of poker in the world. This Poker Hands Guide is based on Texas Hold’em hand rankings, and it will reveal the best-kept secrets to forming winning hand combinations. Preflop: The stage of play before the flop is dealt. Poker hand nicknames. Those are the probabilities and odds for all Texas Hold’em Poker hands: If you're a poker beginner and want to learn more about poker hands, this video will help you out! We'll explain all the rankings and give you an overview, i. Furthermore, in Texas Holdem, your two hole cards are used in association with the community cards on the table. Four of a Kind, 4. Know the odds of making a hand. Download and print out our poker hands ranking chart, or save it to your phone. Let's also recognize that what I'm focusing on isn't the + or - EV of each hand played but the EV of each hand dealt! Okay? Worst Hand in Poker is NOT 7-2 OffsuitYou are sitting there ready to play a "normal" Texas Hold'em hand. Flop (5BB) A ♥ T ♦ 6 ♠ BB checks, CO bets 3. Keep this poker cheat sheet nearby when playing so that you always know the ranking of hands from best to worst. There are even some instructions on the site for the best way to play Holdem. , 7 7 7 7 4. Button: Nickname for the player acting as the dealer in current hand. And this, in turn, means that in 6+ hold'em there are 81 possible combinations of starting hands instead of 169. Note: The suited factor increases the value of cards as it creates a possibility of Flush. Anna Kournikova – Named using the initials of the popular tennis star. Indeed, there's no substitute for experience; playing flops, turns, and rivers, getting a grip on what. 0032 percent using 7 cards. A lot of success in poker comes from choosing the right hands to play. Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Ten all of one suit, ie diamonds or hearts or clubs or spades. One pair is two cards of the same rank. Once again, you will need to burn the top card from the deck, as this is one of the key rules of how to deal Texas Hold’em Poker. 75BB, BB calls. g. Unlike many other games, poker is a game of skill, wit, and strategy. Its fifth-place ranking still makes it a formidable hand to beat on the river in Hold’em. You are sitting there ready to play a "normal" Texas Hold'em hand. Learn the Best Texas Holdem Poker Strategy: Tight and Aggressive. Play mini slot games between your poker hands and get the full casino feel. Ace Magnets – The “Ace Magnets” nickname for pocket kings refers to this hand’s ability to cause an Ace to.